안녕하세요. <div><br></div> <div>밑에 (<a target="_blank" href="http://www.todayhumor.co.kr/board/view.php?table=programmer&no=17234&s_no=17234&page=2">http://www.todayhumor.co.kr/board/view.php?table=programmer&no=17234&s_no=17234&page=2</a>) 글 "[질문] 웹에서 그래프 확인 (R Programming 관련)" 관련해서 혹시나 도움이 되실분이 더 계실것 같아 글로 남깁니다.</div> <div><br></div> <div>데이터 간의 관계나 그룹의 특징을 구하고자 할 때 그래프 구조는 굉장히 유용하게 사용 될 수 있고 대부분의 문제들도 그래프로 표현하여 의미를 추론할 수도 있습니다.</div> <div><br></div> <div>근데 문제는 웹에서 그래프를 표현시 어떻게 할 수 있을까 하는 것 입니다.</div> <div><br></div> <div>먼저 첫 번째로 간단히 웹에서 그래프를 그릴수 있도록 샘플을 하나 보여 드리고 그 뒤에 어떤 문제들이 더 있는지 얘기해보도록 하죠.</div> <div><br></div> <div>제가 찾은 그래프 관련 라이브러리는 vis js 입니다. 이 라이브러리 말고도 많은 라이브러리 들이 있긴 하지만 vis js 가 그나마 사용하기 쉽고 여러 옵션들이 있어 선택을 하였습니다. 사용방법은 간단합니다.</div> <div><br></div> <div>1. 먼저 홈페이지에 가셔서 라이브러리를 다운 받습니다.</div> <div><br></div> <div><a target="_blank" href="http://visjs.org/#download_install">http://visjs.org/#download_install</a></div> <div><br></div> <div>2. zip 파일을 압축을 풀면 dist 폴더가 있는데 여기서 vis.min.js 와 vis.min.css 를 작업할 폴더로 복사 합니다.</div> <div><br></div> <div>3. 아래 코드로 html 파일을 만듭니다. (샘플이라 간단히 만들었습니다.)</div> <div><br></div> <div><div class="colorscripter-code" style="color:#010101;overflow:auto;font-family:Consolas, 'Liberation Mono', Menlo, Courier, monospace;"> <table class="colorscripter-code-table" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:none;background-color:#fafafa;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:6px;border-right-width:2px;border-right-style:solid;border-right-color:#e5e5e5;"> <div style="margin:0px;padding:0px;text-align:right;color:#666666;line-height:130%;"> <div style="line-height:130%;">1</div> <div style="line-height:130%;">2</div> <div style="line-height:130%;">3</div> <div style="line-height:130%;">4</div> <div style="line-height:130%;">5</div> <div style="line-height:130%;">6</div> <div style="line-height:130%;">7</div> <div style="line-height:130%;">8</div> <div style="line-height:130%;">9</div> <div style="line-height:130%;">10</div> <div style="line-height:130%;">11</div> <div style="line-height:130%;">12</div> <div 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style="line-height:130%;">38</div> <div style="line-height:130%;">39</div> <div style="line-height:130%;">40</div> <div style="line-height:130%;">41</div> <div style="line-height:130%;">42</div> <div style="line-height:130%;">43</div> <div style="line-height:130%;">44</div> <div style="line-height:130%;">45</div> <div style="line-height:130%;">46</div> <div style="line-height:130%;">47</div> <div style="line-height:130%;">48</div> <div style="line-height:130%;">49</div> <div style="line-height:130%;">50</div> <div style="line-height:130%;">51</div> <div style="line-height:130%;">52</div> <div style="line-height:130%;">53</div> <div style="line-height:130%;">54</div> <div style="line-height:130%;">55</div> <div style="line-height:130%;">56</div> <div style="line-height:130%;">57</div> <div style="line-height:130%;">58</div> <div style="line-height:130%;">59</div> <div style="line-height:130%;">60</div> <div style="line-height:130%;">61</div> <div style="line-height:130%;">62</div> <div style="line-height:130%;">63</div> <div style="line-height:130%;">64</div> <div style="line-height:130%;">65</div> <div style="line-height:130%;">66</div> <div style="line-height:130%;">67</div> <div style="line-height:130%;">68</div> <div style="line-height:130%;">69</div> <div style="line-height:130%;">70</div> <div style="line-height:130%;">71</div></div></td> <td style="padding:6px 0px;"> <div style="margin:0px;padding:0px;color:#010101;line-height:130%;"> <div style="padding:0px 6px;white-space:pre;line-height:130%;"><span style="color:#0086b3;"></span><span style="color:#a71d5d;"><</span>html<span style="color:#0086b3;"></span><span style="color:#a71d5d;">></span></div> <div style="padding:0px 6px;white-space:pre;line-height:130%;"><span style="color:#0086b3;"></span><span style="color:#a71d5d;"><</span>head<span style="color:#0086b3;"></span><span style="color:#a71d5d;">></span></div> <div style="padding:0px 6px;white-space:pre;line-height:130%;">    <span style="color:#0086b3;"></span><span style="color:#a71d5d;"><</span><span style="color:#0086b3;"></span><span style="color:#a71d5d;">!</span><span style="color:#0086b3;"></span><span style="color:#a71d5d;">-</span><span style="color:#0086b3;"></span><span style="color:#a71d5d;">-</span> jquery cdn <span style="color:#0086b3;"></span><span style="color:#a71d5d;">-</span><span style="color:#0086b3;"></span><span style="color:#a71d5d;">-</span><span style="color:#0086b3;"></span><span style="color:#a71d5d;">></span></div> <div style="padding:0px 6px;white-space:pre;line-height:130%;">    <span style="color:#0086b3;"></span><span style="color:#a71d5d;"><</span>script src<span style="color:#0086b3;"></span><span style="color:#a71d5d;">=</span><span style="color:#63a35c;">"<a target="_blank" href="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-2.2.3.min.js">https://code.jquery.com/jquery-2.2.3.min.js</a>"</span></div> <div style="padding:0px 6px;white-space:pre;line-height:130%;">            integrity<span style="color:#0086b3;"></span><span style="color:#a71d5d;">=</span><span style="color:#63a35c;">"sha256-a23g1Nt4dtEYOj7bR+vTu7+T8VP13humZFBJNIYoEJo="</span>   </div> <div style="padding:0px 6px;white-space:pre;line-height:130%;">            crossorigin<span style="color:#0086b3;"></span><span style="color:#a71d5d;">=</span><span style="color:#63a35c;">"anonymous"</span><span style="color:#0086b3;"></span><span style="color:#a71d5d;">></span><span style="color:#0086b3;"></span><span style="color:#a71d5d;"><</span><span style="color:#0086b3;"></span><span style="color:#a71d5d;">/</span>script<span style="color:#0086b3;"></span><span style="color:#a71d5d;">></span></div> <div style="padding:0px 6px;white-space:pre;line-height:130%;"> </div> <div style="padding:0px 6px;white-space:pre;line-height:130%;">    <span style="color:#0086b3;"></span><span style="color:#a71d5d;"><</span><span style="color:#0086b3;"></span><span style="color:#a71d5d;">!</span><span style="color:#0086b3;"></span><span style="color:#a71d5d;">-</span><span style="color:#0086b3;"></span><span style="color:#a71d5d;">-</span> vis js <span style="color:#0086b3;"></span><span style="color:#a71d5d;">-</span><span style="color:#0086b3;"></span><span style="color:#a71d5d;">-</span><span style="color:#0086b3;"></span><span style="color:#a71d5d;">></span></div> <div style="padding:0px 6px;white-space:pre;line-height:130%;">    <span style="color:#0086b3;"></span><span style="color:#a71d5d;"><</span>script type<span style="color:#0086b3;"></span><span style="color:#a71d5d;">=</span><span style="color:#63a35c;">"text/javascript"</span> src<span style="color:#0086b3;"></span><span style="color:#a71d5d;">=</span><span style="color:#63a35c;">"vis.min.js"</span><span style="color:#0086b3;"></span><span style="color:#a71d5d;">></span><span style="color:#0086b3;"></span><span style="color:#a71d5d;"><</span><span style="color:#0086b3;"></span><span style="color:#a71d5d;">/</span>script<span style="color:#0086b3;"></span><span style="color:#a71d5d;">></span></div> <div style="padding:0px 6px;white-space:pre;line-height:130%;">    <span style="color:#0086b3;"></span><span style="color:#a71d5d;"><</span>link type<span style="color:#0086b3;"></span><span style="color:#a71d5d;">=</span><span style="color:#63a35c;">"text/css"</span> href<span style="color:#0086b3;"></span><span style="color:#a71d5d;">=</span><span style="color:#63a35c;">"vis.min.css"</span> rel<span style="color:#0086b3;"></span><span style="color:#a71d5d;">=</span><span style="color:#63a35c;">"stylesheet"</span> media<span style="color:#0086b3;"></span><span style="color:#a71d5d;">=</span><span style="color:#63a35c;">"screen"</span><span style="color:#0086b3;"></span><span style="color:#a71d5d;">></span></div> <div style="padding:0px 6px;white-space:pre;line-height:130%;"><span style="color:#0086b3;"></span><span style="color:#a71d5d;"><</span><span style="color:#0086b3;"></span><span style="color:#a71d5d;">/</span>head<span style="color:#0086b3;"></span><span style="color:#a71d5d;">></span></div> <div style="padding:0px 6px;white-space:pre;line-height:130%;"><span style="color:#0086b3;"></span><span style="color:#a71d5d;"><</span>body<span style="color:#0086b3;"></span><span style="color:#a71d5d;">></span></div> <div style="padding:0px 6px;white-space:pre;line-height:130%;"> </div> <div style="padding:0px 6px;white-space:pre;line-height:130%;"><span style="color:#0086b3;"></span><span style="color:#a71d5d;"><</span><span style="color:#0086b3;"></span><span style="color:#a71d5d;">!</span><span style="color:#0086b3;"></span><span style="color:#a71d5d;">-</span><span style="color:#0086b3;"></span><span style="color:#a71d5d;">-</span> the graph will be rendered here <span style="color:#0086b3;"></span><span style="color:#a71d5d;">-</span><span style="color:#0086b3;"></span><span style="color:#a71d5d;">-</span><span style="color:#0086b3;"></span><span style="color:#a71d5d;">></span></div> <div style="padding:0px 6px;white-space:pre;line-height:130%;"><span style="color:#0086b3;"></span><span style="color:#a71d5d;"><</span>div id<span style="color:#0086b3;"></span><span style="color:#a71d5d;">=</span><span style="color:#63a35c;">"div_vis_graph"</span> width<span style="color:#0086b3;"></span><span style="color:#a71d5d;">=</span><span style="color:#63a35c;">"100%"</span> height<span style="color:#0086b3;"></span><span style="color:#a71d5d;">=</span><span style="color:#63a35c;">"100%"</span><span style="color:#0086b3;"></span><span style="color:#a71d5d;">></span><span style="color:#0086b3;"></span><span style="color:#a71d5d;"><</span><span style="color:#0086b3;"></span><span style="color:#a71d5d;">/</span>div<span style="color:#0086b3;"></span><span style="color:#a71d5d;">></span></div> <div style="padding:0px 6px;white-space:pre;line-height:130%;"> </div> <div style="padding:0px 6px;white-space:pre;line-height:130%;"><span style="color:#0086b3;"></span><span style="color:#a71d5d;"><</span>script type<span style="color:#0086b3;"></span><span style="color:#a71d5d;">=</span><span style="color:#63a35c;">"text/javascript"</span><span style="color:#0086b3;"></span><span style="color:#a71d5d;">></span></div> <div style="padding:0px 6px;white-space:pre;line-height:130%;"> </div> <div style="padding:0px 6px;white-space:pre;line-height:130%;">$(<span style="color:#066de2;">document</span>).ready( <span style="color:#a71d5d;">function</span>() {</div> <div style="padding:0px 6px;white-space:pre;line-height:130%;">    <span style="color:#999999;">// graph container</span></div> <div style="padding:0px 6px;white-space:pre;line-height:130%;">    <span style="color:#a71d5d;">var</span> container <span style="color:#0086b3;"></span><span style="color:#a71d5d;">=</span> <span style="color:#066de2;">document</span>.<span style="color:#066de2;">getElementById</span>(<span style="color:#63a35c;">"div_vis_graph"</span>);</div> <div style="padding:0px 6px;white-space:pre;line-height:130%;"> </div> <div style="padding:0px 6px;white-space:pre;line-height:130%;">    <span style="color:#999999;">// raw data for nodes</span></div> <div style="padding:0px 6px;white-space:pre;line-height:130%;">    <span style="color:#a71d5d;">var</span> data_nodes <span style="color:#0086b3;"></span><span style="color:#a71d5d;">=</span> [</div> <div style="padding:0px 6px;white-space:pre;line-height:130%;">          {id: <span style="color:#0099cc;">1</span>, label: <span style="color:#63a35c;">'Num 1'</span>, title: <span style="color:#63a35c;">'N1 Title'</span>}, </div> <div style="padding:0px 6px;white-space:pre;line-height:130%;">          {id: <span style="color:#0099cc;">2</span>, label: <span style="color:#63a35c;">'Num 2'</span>, title: <span style="color:#63a35c;">'N2 Title'</span>}, </div> <div style="padding:0px 6px;white-space:pre;line-height:130%;">          {id: <span style="color:#0099cc;">3</span>, label: <span style="color:#63a35c;">'Num 3'</span>, title: <span style="color:#63a35c;">'N3 Title'</span>}, </div> <div style="padding:0px 6px;white-space:pre;line-height:130%;">          {id: <span style="color:#0099cc;">4</span>, label: <span style="color:#63a35c;">'Num 4'</span>, title: <span style="color:#63a35c;">'N4 Title'</span>}, </div> <div style="padding:0px 6px;white-space:pre;line-height:130%;">          {id: <span style="color:#0099cc;">5</span>, label: <span style="color:#63a35c;">'Num 5'</span>, title: <span style="color:#63a35c;">'N5 Title'</span>}, </div> <div style="padding:0px 6px;white-space:pre;line-height:130%;">          {id: <span style="color:#0099cc;">6</span>, label: <span style="color:#63a35c;">'Num 6'</span>, title: <span style="color:#63a35c;">'N6 Title'</span>}, </div> <div style="padding:0px 6px;white-space:pre;line-height:130%;">          {id: <span style="color:#0099cc;">7</span>, label: <span style="color:#63a35c;">'Num 7'</span>, title: <span style="color:#63a35c;">'N7 Title'</span>}</div> <div style="padding:0px 6px;white-space:pre;line-height:130%;">      ];</div> <div style="padding:0px 6px;white-space:pre;line-height:130%;"> </div> <div style="padding:0px 6px;white-space:pre;line-height:130%;">      <span style="color:#999999;">// raw data for edges</span></div> <div style="padding:0px 6px;white-space:pre;line-height:130%;">    <span style="color:#a71d5d;">var</span> data_edges <span style="color:#0086b3;"></span><span style="color:#a71d5d;">=</span> [</div> <div style="padding:0px 6px;white-space:pre;line-height:130%;">        {from: <span style="color:#0099cc;">1</span>, to: <span style="color:#0099cc;">2</span>, arrows: <span style="color:#63a35c;">'to'</span>},</div> <div style="padding:0px 6px;white-space:pre;line-height:130%;">        {from: <span style="color:#0099cc;">1</span>, to: <span style="color:#0099cc;">3</span>, arrows: <span style="color:#63a35c;">'to, from'</span>},</div> <div style="padding:0px 6px;white-space:pre;line-height:130%;">        {from: <span style="color:#0099cc;">1</span>, to: <span style="color:#0099cc;">4</span>, arrows: <span style="color:#63a35c;">'to'</span>},</div> <div style="padding:0px 6px;white-space:pre;line-height:130%;">        {from: <span style="color:#0099cc;">2</span>, to: <span style="color:#0099cc;">3</span>, arrows: <span style="color:#63a35c;">'to'</span>},</div> <div style="padding:0px 6px;white-space:pre;line-height:130%;">        {from: <span style="color:#0099cc;">2</span>, to: <span style="color:#0099cc;">4</span>, arrows: <span style="color:#63a35c;">'to'</span>},</div> <div style="padding:0px 6px;white-space:pre;line-height:130%;">        {from: <span style="color:#0099cc;">3</span>, to: <span style="color:#0099cc;">5</span>, arrows: <span style="color:#63a35c;">'to from'</span>},</div> <div style="padding:0px 6px;white-space:pre;line-height:130%;">        {from: <span style="color:#0099cc;">5</span>, to: <span style="color:#0099cc;">6</span>, arrows: <span style="color:#63a35c;">'to'</span>},</div> <div style="padding:0px 6px;white-space:pre;line-height:130%;">        {from: <span style="color:#0099cc;">5</span>, to: <span style="color:#0099cc;">7</span>, arrows: <span style="color:#63a35c;">'to'</span>}</div> <div style="padding:0px 6px;white-space:pre;line-height:130%;">    ];</div> <div style="padding:0px 6px;white-space:pre;line-height:130%;"> </div> <div style="padding:0px 6px;white-space:pre;line-height:130%;">    <span style="color:#999999;">// translate raw data to vis format</span></div> <div style="padding:0px 6px;white-space:pre;line-height:130%;">    <span style="color:#a71d5d;">var</span> nodes <span style="color:#0086b3;"></span><span style="color:#a71d5d;">=</span> <span style="color:#a71d5d;">new</span> vis.DataSet(data_nodes);</div> <div style="padding:0px 6px;white-space:pre;line-height:130%;">    <span style="color:#a71d5d;">var</span> edges <span style="color:#0086b3;"></span><span style="color:#a71d5d;">=</span> <span style="color:#a71d5d;">new</span> vis.DataSet(data_edges);</div> <div style="padding:0px 6px;white-space:pre;line-height:130%;"> </div> <div style="padding:0px 6px;white-space:pre;line-height:130%;">    <span style="color:#999999;">// setup whole data (node and edge)</span></div> <div style="padding:0px 6px;white-space:pre;line-height:130%;">    <span style="color:#a71d5d;">var</span> data <span style="color:#0086b3;"></span><span style="color:#a71d5d;">=</span> {</div> <div style="padding:0px 6px;white-space:pre;line-height:130%;">        nodes : nodes,</div> <div style="padding:0px 6px;white-space:pre;line-height:130%;">        edges : edges</div> <div style="padding:0px 6px;white-space:pre;line-height:130%;">    };</div> <div style="padding:0px 6px;white-space:pre;line-height:130%;"> </div> <div style="padding:0px 6px;white-space:pre;line-height:130%;">    <span style="color:#999999;">// other options</span></div> <div style="padding:0px 6px;white-space:pre;line-height:130%;">    <span style="color:#a71d5d;">var</span> opt <span style="color:#0086b3;"></span><span style="color:#a71d5d;">=</span> {</div> <div style="padding:0px 6px;white-space:pre;line-height:130%;">        layout : {</div> <div style="padding:0px 6px;white-space:pre;line-height:130%;">            improvedLayout: <span style="color:#0099cc;">false</span></div> <div style="padding:0px 6px;white-space:pre;line-height:130%;">        },</div> <div style="padding:0px 6px;white-space:pre;line-height:130%;">        height: <span style="color:#63a35c;">"100%"</span>,</div> <div style="padding:0px 6px;white-space:pre;line-height:130%;">        width : <span style="color:#63a35c;">"100%"</span></div> <div style="padding:0px 6px;white-space:pre;line-height:130%;">    };</div> <div style="padding:0px 6px;white-space:pre;line-height:130%;"> </div> <div style="padding:0px 6px;white-space:pre;line-height:130%;">    <span style="color:#999999;">// render it !</span></div> <div style="padding:0px 6px;white-space:pre;line-height:130%;">    <span style="color:#a71d5d;">var</span> network <span style="color:#0086b3;"></span><span style="color:#a71d5d;">=</span> <span style="color:#a71d5d;">new</span> vis.Network(container, data, opt);</div> <div style="padding:0px 6px;white-space:pre;line-height:130%;">});</div> <div style="padding:0px 6px;white-space:pre;line-height:130%;"> </div> <div style="padding:0px 6px;white-space:pre;line-height:130%;"><span style="color:#0086b3;"></span><span style="color:#a71d5d;"><</span><span style="color:#0086b3;"></span><span style="color:#a71d5d;">/</span>script<span style="color:#0086b3;"></span><span style="color:#a71d5d;">></span></div> <div style="padding:0px 6px;white-space:pre;line-height:130%;"><span style="color:#0086b3;"></span><span style="color:#a71d5d;"><</span><span style="color:#0086b3;"></span><span style="color:#a71d5d;">/</span>body<span style="color:#0086b3;"></span><span style="color:#a71d5d;">></span></div> <div style="padding:0px 6px;white-space:pre;line-height:130%;"><span style="color:#0086b3;"></span><span style="color:#a71d5d;"><</span><span style="color:#0086b3;"></span><span style="color:#a71d5d;">/</span>html<span style="color:#0086b3;"></span><span style="color:#a71d5d;">></span></div></div> <div style="text-align:right;margin-top:-13px;margin-right:5px;font-size:9px;font-style:italic;"><a target="_blank" href="http://colorscripter.com/info#e" target="_blank" style="color:#e5e5e5;text-decoration:none;">Colored by Color Scripter</a></div></td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;padding:0px 2px 4px 0px;"><a target="_blank" href="http://colorscripter.com/info#e" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none;color:#FFFFFF;"><span style="font-size:9px;padding:1px;background-color:#e5e5e5;">cs</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div> <div><br></div> <div>4. 크롬이나 IE 9 이상에 html 파일을 올립니다. 그러면 브라우저에 아래와 같이 나오게 됩니다.</div> <div><br></div> <div><div style="text-align:left;"><img src="http://thimg.todayhumor.co.kr/upfile/201605/1463557390766383702323457eb6fecbd123f849ce__mn53975__w461__h493__f16621__Ym201605.png" width="461" height="493" alt="vis_sample.png" style="border:none;" filesize="16621"></div><br></div> <div>이런식으로 간단히 그래프를 만들 수 있고 홈페이지에 들어가 document 를 보시면 다양한 옵션들이 존재하며 showcase 를 보시면 엄청나게 응용이 가능하다는 것을 알 수 있습니다.</div> <div><br></div> <div><div style="text-align:left;"><img src="http://thimg.todayhumor.co.kr/upfile/201605/14635576459fddd4cc25fb4066a813472a415040c8__mn53975__w554__h586__f65822__Ym201605.png" width="554" height="586" alt="showcase_1.png" style="border:none;" filesize="65822"></div> <div style="text-align:left;"><img src="http://thimg.todayhumor.co.kr/upfile/201605/146355765343aa55e507b24dc6988e974df57b826b__mn53975__w1077__h686__f96886__Ym201605.png" width="800" height="510" alt="showcase_2.png" class="chimg_photo" style="border:none;" filesize="96886"></div><br></div> <div><br></div> <div>그런데 여기서 몇 가지 문제가 있습니다.</div> <div><br></div> <div>첫 번째로 그래프를 그리기 위해 서버에 데이터를 저장해야 하는데 node와 edge 정보를 갖을 수 있도록 디비를 설계를 해야 하고 특히 tracking 까지 고려를 한다면 reference 나 join 지옥에 빠질 수 있기 때문에 골치가 아픕니다.</div> <div><br></div> <div>두 번째로 클라이언트 사이드에서 렌더링을 해야 하기 때문에 덩치가 조금만 커져도 그려지는 시간이 굉장히 오래 걸리게 됩니다.</div> <div><br></div> <div>만약 작은 데이터를 뿌리길 원한다면 vis js 로 충분하지만 큰 데이터를 그려야 할 경우 그래프 구조에 특화된 디비와 라이브러리를 사용해야 하는데 제가 추천드리는 라이브러리는 neo4j 이며 apache spark 와 같이 사용하시는 것을 추천합니다. neo4j 는 그래프 디비로 사용되며 저장, 쿼리할때도 그래프 특성에 맞춰져 있으며 tracking 같은 문제들도 잘 해결할 수 있도록 제공되고 있습니다.</div> <div><br></div> <div>neo4j 가 이름처럼 neo for java 인데 다양한 언어에 대해 driver를 지원하고 있어 언어 자체에 크게 제한은 없습니다. </div> <div><br></div> <div>관련 내용은 홈페이지를 참고 하시면 더욱 자세한 내용을 볼 수 있으실 것 같습니다.</div> <div><br></div> <div><a target="_blank" href="http://neo4j.com/">http://neo4j.com/</a></div>