<p></p><p gulim;="\"\"" font-size:="\"\"" 12px;="\"\"" line-height:="\"\"" 21px;\\\"="\"\"" style="\"font-family:" 21px;\"=""><span gulim;="\"\\"\\"\"" font-size:="\"\\"\\"\"" 12pt;="\"\\"\\"\"" line-height:="\"\\"\\"\"" 19px;="\"\\"\\"\"" background-color:="\"\\"\\"\"" rgb(231,="\"\\"\\"\"" 225,="\"\\"\\"\"" 215);\\\\\\\"="\"\\"\\"\"" 12pt;\\\"="\"\"" style="\"font-size:" 12pt;\"=""><br></span></p><p gulim;="\"\"" font-size:="\"\"" 12px;="\"\"" line-height:="\"\"" 21px;\\\"="\"\"" style="\"font-family:" 21px;\"=""><span gulim;="\"\\"\\"\"" font-size:="\"\\"\\"\"" 12pt;="\"\\"\\"\"" line-height:="\"\\"\\"\"" 19px;="\"\\"\\"\"" background-color:="\"\\"\\"\"" rgb(231,="\"\\"\\"\"" 225,="\"\\"\\"\"" 215);\\\\\\\"="\"\\"\\"\"" 12pt;\\\"="\"\"" style="\"font-size:" 12pt;\"=""><br></span></p><p gulim;="\"\"" font-size:="\"\"" 12px;="\"\"" line-height:="\"\"" 21px;\\\"="\"\"" style="\"font-family:" 21px;\"=""><span gulim;="\"\\"\\"\"" font-size:="\"\\"\\"\"" 12pt;="\"\\"\\"\"" line-height:="\"\\"\\"\"" 19px;="\"\\"\\"\"" background-color:="\"\\"\\"\"" rgb(231,="\"\\"\\"\"" 225,="\"\\"\\"\"" 215);\\\\\\\"="\"\\"\\"\"" 12pt;\\\"="\"\"" style="font-size: 12pt;" 12pt;\"="">전편 글 링크</span></p><p gulim;="\"\"" font-size:="\"\"" 12px;="\"\"" line-height:="\"\"" 21px;\\\"="\"\"" style="\"font-family:" 21px;\"=""><span gulim;="\"\\"\\"\"" font-size:="\"\\"\\"\"" 12pt;="\"\\"\\"\"" line-height:="\"\\"\\"\"" 19px;="\"\\"\\"\"" background-color:="\"\\"\\"\"" rgb(231,="\"\\"\\"\"" 225,="\"\\"\\"\"" 215);\\\\\\\"="\"\\"\\"\"" 12pt;\\\"="\"\"" style="\"font-size:" 12pt;\"=""><br></span></p><p gulim;="\"\"" font-size:="\"\"" 12px;="\"\"" line-height:="\"\"" 21px;\\\"="\"\"" style="\"font-family:" 21px;\"=""><span gulim;="\"\\"\\"\"" font-size:="\"\\"\\"\"" 12pt;="\"\\"\\"\"" line-height:="\"\\"\\"\"" 19px;="\"\\"\\"\"" background-color:="\"\\"\\"\"" rgb(231,="\"\\"\\"\"" 225,="\"\\"\\"\"" 215);\\\\\\\"="\"\\"\\"\"" 12pt;\\\"="\"\"" style="font-size: 12pt;" 12pt;\"="">#1 </span><a target="\"\\"_blank\\"\"" href="\"http://todayhumor.co.kr/%22http://todayhumor.co.kr/%22http://todayhumor.com/?sisa_359310\\\\%22\\%22\"" blue;="\"\\"\\"\"" font-family:="\"\\"\\"\"" gulim;="\"\\"\\"\"" font-size:="\"\\"\\"\"" 12px;="\"\\"\\"\"" line-height:="\"\\"\\"\"" 19px;="\"\\"\\"\"" background-color:="\"\\"\\"\"" rgb(231,="\"\\"\\"\"" 225,="\"\\"\\"\"" 215);\\\\\\\"="\"\\"\\"\"" blue;\\\"="\"\"" style="\"color:" blue;\"=""><span 12pt;\\\\\\\"="\"\\"\\"\"" 12pt;\\\"="\"\"" style="font-size: 12pt;" 12pt;\"="">http://todayhumor.com/?sisa_359310</span></a><br gulim;="\"\\"\\"\"" font-size:="\"\\"\\"\"" 12px;="\"\\"\\"\"" line-height:="\"\\"\\"\"" 19px;="\"\\"\\"\"" background-color:="\"\\"\\"\"" rgb(231,="\"\\"\\"\"" 225,="\"\\"\\"\"" 215);\\\\\\\"="\"\\"\\"\""><span gulim;="\"\\"\\"\"" font-size:="\"\\"\\"\"" 12px;="\"\\"\\"\"" line-height:="\"\\"\\"\"" 19px;="\"\\"\\"\"" background-color:="\"\\"\\"\"" rgb(231,="\"\\"\\"\"" 225,="\"\\"\\"\"" 215);\\\\\\\"="\"\\"\\"\""><span 12pt;\\\\\\\"="\"\\"\\"\"" 12pt;\\\"="\"\"" style="font-size: 12pt;" 12pt;\"="">#2</span><span 12pt;\\\\\\\"="\"\\"\\"\"" 12pt;\\\"="\"\"" style="font-size: 12pt;" 12pt;\"=""> </span></span><a target="\"\\"_blank\\"\"" href="\"http://todayhumor.co.kr/%22http://todayhumor.co.kr/%22http://todayhumor.com/?sisa_359324\\\\%22\\%22\"" blue;="\"\\"\\"\"" font-family:="\"\\"\\"\"" gulim;="\"\\"\\"\"" font-size:="\"\\"\\"\"" 12px;="\"\\"\\"\"" line-height:="\"\\"\\"\"" 19px;="\"\\"\\"\"" background-color:="\"\\"\\"\"" rgb(231,="\"\\"\\"\"" 225,="\"\\"\\"\"" 215);\\\\\\\"="\"\\"\\"\"" blue;\\\"="\"\"" style="\"color:" blue;\"=""><span 12pt;\\\\\\\"="\"\\"\\"\"" 12pt;\\\"="\"\"" style="font-size: 12pt;" 12pt;\"="">http://todayhumor.com/?sisa_359324</span></a><br gulim;="\"\\"\\"\"" font-size:="\"\\"\\"\"" 12px;="\"\\"\\"\"" line-height:="\"\\"\\"\"" 19px;="\"\\"\\"\"" background-color:="\"\\"\\"\"" rgb(231,="\"\\"\\"\"" 225,="\"\\"\\"\"" 215);\\\\\\\"="\"\\"\\"\""><span gulim;="\"\\"\\"\"" font-size:="\"\\"\\"\"" 12px;="\"\\"\\"\"" line-height:="\"\\"\\"\"" 19px;="\"\\"\\"\"" background-color:="\"\\"\\"\"" rgb(231,="\"\\"\\"\"" 225,="\"\\"\\"\"" 215);\\\\\\\"="\"\\"\\"\""><span 12pt;\\\\\\\"="\"\\"\\"\"" 12pt;\\\"="\"\"" style="font-size: 12pt;" 12pt;\"="">#3</span><span 12pt;\\\\\\\"="\"\\"\\"\"" 12pt;\\\"="\"\"" style="font-size: 12pt;" 12pt;\"=""> </span></span><a target="\"\\"_blank\\"\"" href="\"http://todayhumor.co.kr/%22http://todayhumor.co.kr/%22http://todayhumor.com/?sisa_359339\\\\%22\\%22\"" blue;="\"\\"\\"\"" font-family:="\"\\"\\"\"" gulim;="\"\\"\\"\"" font-size:="\"\\"\\"\"" 12px;="\"\\"\\"\"" line-height:="\"\\"\\"\"" 19px;="\"\\"\\"\"" background-color:="\"\\"\\"\"" rgb(231,="\"\\"\\"\"" 225,="\"\\"\\"\"" 215);\\\\\\\"="\"\\"\\"\"" blue;\\\"="\"\"" style="\"color:" blue;\"=""><span 12pt;\\\\\\\"="\"\\"\\"\"" 12pt;\\\"="\"\"" style="font-size: 12pt;" 12pt;\"="">http://todayhumor.com/?sisa_359339</span></a><br gulim;="\"\\"\\"\"" font-size:="\"\\"\\"\"" 12px;="\"\\"\\"\"" line-height:="\"\\"\\"\"" 19px;="\"\\"\\"\"" background-color:="\"\\"\\"\"" rgb(231,="\"\\"\\"\"" 225,="\"\\"\\"\"" 215);\\\\\\\"="\"\\"\\"\""><span gulim;="\"\\"\\"\"" font-size:="\"\\"\\"\"" 12px;="\"\\"\\"\"" line-height:="\"\\"\\"\"" 19px;="\"\\"\\"\"" background-color:="\"\\"\\"\"" rgb(231,="\"\\"\\"\"" 225,="\"\\"\\"\"" 215);\\\\\\\"="\"\\"\\"\""><span 12pt;\\\\\\\"="\"\\"\\"\"" 12pt;\\\"="\"\"" style="font-size: 12pt;" 12pt;\"="">#4</span><span 12pt;\\\\\\\"="\"\\"\\"\"" 12pt;\\\"="\"\"" style="font-size: 12pt;" 12pt;\"=""> </span></span><a target="\"\\"_blank\\"\"" href="\"http://todayhumor.co.kr/%22http://todayhumor.co.kr/%22http://todayhumor.com/?sisa_359356\\\\%22\\%22\"" blue;="\"\\"\\"\"" font-family:="\"\\"\\"\"" gulim;="\"\\"\\"\"" font-size:="\"\\"\\"\"" 12px;="\"\\"\\"\"" line-height:="\"\\"\\"\"" 19px;="\"\\"\\"\"" background-color:="\"\\"\\"\"" rgb(231,="\"\\"\\"\"" 225,="\"\\"\\"\"" 215);\\\\\\\"="\"\\"\\"\"" blue;\\\"="\"\"" style="\"color:" blue;\"=""><span 12pt;\\\\\\\"="\"\\"\\"\"" 12pt;\\\"="\"\"" style="font-size: 12pt;" 12pt;\"="">http://todayhumor.com/?sisa_359356</span></a><br gulim;="\"\\"\\"\"" font-size:="\"\\"\\"\"" 12px;="\"\\"\\"\"" line-height:="\"\\"\\"\"" 19px;="\"\\"\\"\"" background-color:="\"\\"\\"\"" rgb(231,="\"\\"\\"\"" 225,="\"\\"\\"\"" 215);\\\\\\\"="\"\\"\\"\""><span gulim;="\"\\"\\"\"" font-size:="\"\\"\\"\"" 12px;="\"\\"\\"\"" line-height:="\"\\"\\"\"" 19px;="\"\\"\\"\"" background-color:="\"\\"\\"\"" rgb(231,="\"\\"\\"\"" 225,="\"\\"\\"\"" 215);\\\\\\\"="\"\\"\\"\""><span 12pt;\\\\\\\"="\"\\"\\"\"" 12pt;\\\"="\"\"" style="font-size: 12pt;" 12pt;\"="">#5</span><span 12pt;\\\\\\\"="\"\\"\\"\"" 12pt;\\\"="\"\"" style="font-size: 12pt;" 12pt;\"=""> </span></span><a target="\"\\"_blank\\"\"" href="\"http://todayhumor.co.kr/%22http://todayhumor.co.kr/%22http://todayhumor.com/?sisa_359372\\\\%22\\%22\"" blue;="\"\\"\\"\"" font-family:="\"\\"\\"\"" gulim;="\"\\"\\"\"" font-size:="\"\\"\\"\"" 12px;="\"\\"\\"\"" line-height:="\"\\"\\"\"" 19px;="\"\\"\\"\"" background-color:="\"\\"\\"\"" rgb(231,="\"\\"\\"\"" 225,="\"\\"\\"\"" 215);\\\\\\\"="\"\\"\\"\"" blue;\\\"="\"\"" style="\"color:" blue;\"=""><span 12pt;\\\\\\\"="\"\\"\\"\"" 12pt;\\\"="\"\"" style="font-size: 12pt;" 12pt;\"="">http://todayhumor.com/?sisa_359372</span></a><br gulim;="\"\\"\\"\"" font-size:="\"\\"\\"\"" 12px;="\"\\"\\"\"" line-height:="\"\\"\\"\"" 19px;="\"\\"\\"\"" background-color:="\"\\"\\"\"" rgb(231,="\"\\"\\"\"" 225,="\"\\"\\"\"" 215);\\\\\\\"="\"\\"\\"\""><span gulim;="\"\\"\\"\"" font-size:="\"\\"\\"\"" 12px;="\"\\"\\"\"" line-height:="\"\\"\\"\"" 19px;="\"\\"\\"\"" background-color:="\"\\"\\"\"" rgb(231,="\"\\"\\"\"" 225,="\"\\"\\"\"" 215);\\\\\\\"="\"\\"\\"\""><span 12pt;\\\\\\\"="\"\\"\\"\"" 12pt;\\\"="\"\"" style="font-size: 12pt;" 12pt;\"="">#6</span><span 12pt;\\\\\\\"="\"\\"\\"\"" 12pt;\\\"="\"\"" style="font-size: 12pt;" 12pt;\"=""> </span></span><a target="\"\\"_blank\\"\"" href="\"http://todayhumor.co.kr/%22http://todayhumor.co.kr/%22http://todayhumor.com/?sisa_359386\\\\%22\\%22\"" blue;="\"\\"\\"\"" font-family:="\"\\"\\"\"" gulim;="\"\\"\\"\"" font-size:="\"\\"\\"\"" 12px;="\"\\"\\"\"" line-height:="\"\\"\\"\"" 19px;="\"\\"\\"\"" background-color:="\"\\"\\"\"" rgb(231,="\"\\"\\"\"" 225,="\"\\"\\"\"" 215);\\\\\\\"="\"\\"\\"\"" blue;\\\"="\"\"" style="\"color:" blue;\"=""><span 12pt;\\\\\\\"="\"\\"\\"\"" 12pt;\\\"="\"\"" style="font-size: 12pt;" 12pt;\"="">http://todayhumor.com/?sisa_359386</span></a><br gulim;="\"\\"\\"\"" font-size:="\"\\"\\"\"" 12px;="\"\\"\\"\"" line-height:="\"\\"\\"\"" 19px;="\"\\"\\"\"" background-color:="\"\\"\\"\"" rgb(231,="\"\\"\\"\"" 225,="\"\\"\\"\"" 215);\\\\\\\"="\"\\"\\"\""><span gulim;="\"\\"\\"\"" font-size:="\"\\"\\"\"" 12px;="\"\\"\\"\"" line-height:="\"\\"\\"\"" 19px;="\"\\"\\"\"" background-color:="\"\\"\\"\"" rgb(231,="\"\\"\\"\"" 225,="\"\\"\\"\"" 215);\\\\\\\"="\"\\"\\"\""><span 12pt;\\\\\\\"="\"\\"\\"\"" 12pt;\\\"="\"\"" style="font-size: 12pt;" 12pt;\"="">#7</span><span 12pt;\\\\\\\"="\"\\"\\"\"" 12pt;\\\"="\"\"" style="font-size: 12pt;" 12pt;\"=""> </span></span><a target="\"\\"_blank\\"\"" href="\"http://todayhumor.co.kr/%22http://todayhumor.co.kr/%22http://todayhumor.com/?sisa_359402\\\\%22\\%22\"" blue;="\"\\"\\"\"" font-family:="\"\\"\\"\"" gulim;="\"\\"\\"\"" font-size:="\"\\"\\"\"" 12px;="\"\\"\\"\"" line-height:="\"\\"\\"\"" 19px;="\"\\"\\"\"" background-color:="\"\\"\\"\"" rgb(231,="\"\\"\\"\"" 225,="\"\\"\\"\"" 215);\\\\\\\"="\"\\"\\"\"" blue;\\\"="\"\"" style="\"color:" blue;\"=""><span 12pt;\\\\\\\"="\"\\"\\"\"" 12pt;\\\"="\"\"" style="font-size: 12pt;" 12pt;\"="">http://todayhumor.com/?sisa_359402</span></a><br gulim;="\"\\"\\"\"" font-size:="\"\\"\\"\"" 12px;="\"\\"\\"\"" line-height:="\"\\"\\"\"" 19px;="\"\\"\\"\"" background-color:="\"\\"\\"\"" rgb(231,="\"\\"\\"\"" 225,="\"\\"\\"\"" 215);\\\\\\\"="\"\\"\\"\""></p><p gulim;="\"\"" font-size:="\"\"" 12px;="\"\"" line-height:="\"\"" 21px;\\\"="\"\"" style="\"font-family:" 21px;\"=""><span 12pt;\\\\\\\"="\"\\"\\"\"" 12pt;\\\"="\"\"" style="font-size: 12pt;" 12pt;\"="">#8 </span><span 12pt;\\\\\\\"="\"\\"\\"\"" 12pt;\\\"="\"\"" style="\"color:" blue;="" font-size:="" 12pt;\"=""><a target="\"\\"_blank\\"\"" href="\"http://todayhumor.co.kr/%22http://todayhumor.co.kr/%22http://todayhumor.com/?sisa_359418\\\\%22\\%22\"" class="\"\\"\\\\"tx-li<x>nk\\\\"\\"\"" blue;\\\"="\"\"" style="\"color:" blue;\"=""><span style="font-size: 12pt;" 12pt;\"="">http://todayhumor.com/?sisa_359418</span></a></span></p><p gulim;="\"\"" font-size:="\"\"" 12px;="\"\"" line-height:="\"\"" 21px;\\\"="\"\"" style="\"font-family:" 21px;\"=""><br></p><p gulim;="\"\"" font-size:="\"\"" 12px;="\"\"" line-height:="\"\"" 21px;\\\"="\"\"" style="\"font-family:" 21px;\"=""><br></p><p gulim;="\"\"" font-size:="\"\"" 12px;="\"\"" line-height:="\"\"" 21px;\\\"="\"\"" style="\"font-family:" 21px;\"=""><span style="\"font-size:" 12pt;\"=""><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">9. 혹한의 땅, 얼어붙은 1905년의 러시아에서</span></b></span></p><p gulim;="\"\"" font-size:="\"\"" 12px;="\"\"" line-height:="\"\"" 21px;\\\"="\"\"" style="\"font-family:" 21px;\"=""><br></p><p gulim;="\"\"" font-size:="\"\"" 12px;="\"\"" line-height:="\"\"" 21px;\\\"="\"\"" style="\"font-family:" 21px;\"=""><span style="font-size: 12pt;" 12pt;\"="">우리가 흔히 \"볼셰비키\"로 알고 있는 러시아 사회민주노동당의 첫 당대회는 1898년에 열렸다. 짜르의 전제정치 체제는 어떠한 반대파도 용납하지 않았다. 사회주의자는 물론이고, 심지어 가장 온건한 자유주의자들 역시도 비밀경찰에게 탄압받아야 했다. 러시아사회민주노동당은 철저히 비합법적 상태에서 활동할 수 밖에 없었다.</span></p><p gulim;="\"\"" font-size:="\"\"" 12px;="\"\"" line-height:="\"\"" 21px;\\\"="\"\"" style="\"font-family:" 21px;\"=""><br></p><p gulim;="\"\"" font-size:="\"\"" 12px;="\"\"" line-height:="\"\"" 21px;\\\"="\"\"" style="\"font-family:" 21px;\"=""><span style="font-size: 12pt;" 12pt;\"="">레닌은 독일의 <조치알 데모크라트>를 모델로 삼아, 전국적 조직을 통합하기 위해 <이스크라>를 창간할 것을 제안한다</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;" 12pt;\"="">. 당시 레닌이 썼던 <무엇을 할 것인가?>는 이런 철저히 탄압적 상황에서 당 조직을 어떻게 건설할 것인지 제안하는 글이었다. </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;" 12pt;\"="">당 신문으로써, <이스크라>는 어느정도 성과를 보였다. 마침내, 조직을 통합하는데 성공하고 마침내 1903년, 제 2 당대회를 열게 된다.</span></p><p gulim;="\"\"" font-size:="\"\"" 12px;="\"\"" line-height:="\"\"" 21px;\\\"="\"\"" style="\"font-family:" 21px;\"=""><br></p><p gulim;="\"\"" font-size:="\"\"" 12px;="\"\"" line-height:="\"\"" 21px;\\\"="\"\"" style="\"font-family:" 21px;\"=""><span style="font-size: 12pt;" 12pt;\"="">그런데, 뜻 밖의 분열이 발생한다. <이스크라> 편집 위원회의 레닌과 마르토프가 대립한 것이다. 레닌을 중심으로 \"볼셰비키(다수파)\"가, 마르토프를 중심으로 \"멘셰비키(소수파)\"가 형성되었다.</span></p><p gulim;="\"\"" font-size:="\"\"" 12px;="\"\"" line-height:="\"\"" 21px;\\\"="\"\"" style="\"font-family:" 21px;\"=""><br></p><p gulim;="\"\"" font-size:="\"\"" 12px;="\"\"" line-height:="\"\"" 21px;\\\"="\"\"" style="\"font-family:" 21px;\"=""><span style="font-size: 12pt;" 12pt;\"="">2년 뒤, 1905년. 혁명은 폭풍처럼 다가왔다.</span></p><p gulim;="\"\"" font-size:="\"\"" 12px;="\"\"" line-height:="\"\"" 21px;\\\"="\"\"" style="\"font-family:" 21px;\"=""><br></p><p gulim;="\"\"" font-size:="\"\"" 12px;="\"\"" line-height:="\"\"" 21px;\\\"="\"\"" style="\"font-family:" 21px;\"=""><span style="font-size: 12pt;" 12pt;\"="">레닌과 마르토프는 심각하게 대립했다. 마르토프를 중심으로 한 멘셰비키는, 당면 혁명이 부르주아 민주주의 혁명이기 때문에 자유주의 세력과 연합해야 하고, 따라서 노동자 농민의 요구와 당 강령도 그에 맞춰 하향해야 한다고 주장했다. 반면, 레닌을 중심으로 한 볼셰비키는 당면 혁명이 부르주아 민주주의 혁명이라 하더라도, 혁명 주체는 노동자 농민이기 때문에 강령을 하향할 수 없다고 맞섰다.</span></p><p gulim;="\"\"" font-size:="\"\"" 12px;="\"\"" line-height:="\"\"" 21px;\\\"="\"\"" style="\"font-family:" 21px;\"=""><br></p><p gulim;="\"\"" font-size:="\"\"" 12px;="\"\"" line-height:="\"\"" 21px;\\\"="\"\"" style="\"font-family:" 21px;\"=""><span style="font-size: 12pt;" 12pt;\"="">1905년 5월, 불길처럼 번진 혁명의 파도 속에서 불리긴 수상은 새로운 의회를 신설했다. 그러나, 이 의회는 짜르의 자문기구에 불과했다. 결코 대의기구로써 기능할 수 없는 구조였다. 그럼에도 불구하고 멘셰비키는 자유주의 정당인 카데츠와 협력하며 이 의회에 참여한다는 입장이었고, 볼셰비키는 보이콧을 주장했다. 혁명이 파도치는 이 때에 보이콧 전술은 당연한 것이었다.</span></p><p gulim;="\"\"" font-size:="\"\"" 12px;="\"\"" line-height:="\"\"" 21px;\\\"="\"\"" style="\"font-family:" 21px;\"=""><br></p><p gulim;="\"\"" font-size:="\"\"" 12px;="\"\"" line-height:="\"\"" 21px;\\\"="\"\"" style="\"font-family:" 21px;\"=""><span style="font-size: 12pt;" 12pt;\"="">1914년 1월, 마침내 닥쳐온 전쟁의 위기와, 눈 앞에 다가온 사회주의 혁명의 전진 속에 멘셰비키는 자진해체한다. 이제 레닌은 \"사회민주주의자\"라는 말을 쓰지 않았다. 대신, \"공산주의자\" \"사회주의자\"라는 말을 썼다. 서로 섞일 듯, 섞이지 않았던 두 분파는 이제 완전히 따로 떨어진 셈이다.</span></p><p></p>